论文概要:能源是人类社会求生和发展的物质基础,而以石油、煤炭等为基础的常规能源体系曾多次很大程度的推展并增进了人类社会的发展,但这些常规的能源体系的过度研发必要造成了环境污染,为了可持续发展,我们应当充份研发和利用洁净能源。Abstract:theenergyisthematerialbasisofhumansocietystrivesforthesurvivalanddevelopment,andbasedonoil,coalandotherconventionalenergysystemwasgreatlypromoteandpromotethedevelopmentofhumansociety,buttheconventionalenergysystem'sexcessivedevelopmentdirectlyledtothepollutionoftheenvironment,inordertosustainabledevelopment,weshouldmakefulldevelopmentandutilizationofcleanenergy. 一、可持续发展太阳能在未来能源结构中的地位Asustainabledevelopment,thestatusofsolarenergyinthefutureenergystructure 国际能源机构预测,经济的发展必不可少资源,目前全世界最常用的还是化石类能源,但随着经济的发展,煤炭和石油需求量更加大,惜有一天不会耗尽。有所不同能源机构对世界能源供应情况的预测数据各有所不同,但基本结论都是相近的。
即全世界的煤炭不能用220年,在未来短时期内化石类能源在能源供给结构车站占有相当大的比例,但随着科学技术的发展,可再生能源将渐渐替代化石类能源,并在2030之后开始渐渐转入大规模应用于,随着经济的持续发展,可再生能源将在能源资源中占有更加大的比例。与受限的化石燃料能源比起,太阳能可谓尤为理想的可再生能源之一。随着太阳的电磁辐射输入,光子能量几乎可以转换成各种人类必须的能源。特别是在是光能切换为最少见也是最高级的电能,而电能则可以转化成为动能、热能等其它形式的能源。
也就是我们只要充分利用自然界中最非常丰富的太阳能,几乎可以符合人类的生活和生产市场需求。Theinternationalenergyagencypredictedthatthedevelopmentofeconomyisdependentontheresources,currentlytheworld'smostcommonlyusedorfossilenergy,butwiththedevelopmentofeconomy,coalandoildemandismoreandmorebig,willonedaydryup.Differentenergyagencyfortheworld'senergysupplysituationforecastdataforeachisdifferent,butthebasicconclusionissimilar.Thatcoalcanonlybeusedaroundtheworldin220,ashortperiodoftimeinthefuturefossilenergystandoccupylargeproportionintheenergysupplystructure,butwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,renewableenergywillgraduallyreplacefossilenergy,andbegantograduallyenterthelarge-scaleapplication,after2030,withthesustaineddevelopmentofeconomy,renewableenergywilloccupyalargerandlargerproportioninenergysources.Comparedwiththelimitedfossilfuelenergy,solarenergyisoneoftheidealrenewableenergy.Withthesun'sradiationoutput,photonenergycancompletelyconvertenergyofvariouskindsofhumanneeds.Especiallythelightenergyisconvertedtothemostcommonisthehighestlevelofenergy,whileenergycanbeconvertedintokineticenergyandheatenergy,andotherformsofenergy.,thatis,aslongaswemakefulluseofthemostabundantinthenatureofsolarenergy,cancompletelymeetthedemandofhumanlifeandproduction. 二、太阳能被充分利用的必然性Second,thesolarenergyismakefulluseofinevitability 现代工业革命首创了现代文明,然而它都是创建在大规模铁矿和用于化石燃料的基础上的。
石油是工业的血液,煤是工业的粮食是这一现状的最差演绎。化石燃料作为不能再生能源,之前的大规模铁矿和用于,已使化石资源日益耗尽,它已渐渐无法符合日益增长的经济市场需求,还所致了不少国家之间、区域之间的政治经济纠纷,甚至引发冲突和局部战争。虽然我国矿物能源资源的储量是比较丰富,然而人均能源资源只有世界人均能源资源的二分之一左右。从能源消费结构来看,我国是世界上仅次于的煤炭消费国,而根据大约的估算,我国的煤炭资源不能铁矿80年,而石油资源不能铁矿20年。
1997年我国月沦为了《京都议定书》签约国,但其影响和约束,限排压力相当大。我国的火力发电,特别是在是煤炭发电很大程度的受到了容许。随后我国也月重新加入WTO,我国的经济步入了一个新的机遇,同时我国也月步入了工业化中期,即重化工业阶段,其能源需求量和消耗量也将较慢的快速增长。
从环境保护方面来讲,化石能源的利用已造成了相当严重的环境污染,温室效应、酸雨等环境问题接踵而来,特别是在是温室效应是全人类所面对的环境问题。为了可持续发展我们必需谋求新的可再生的绿色能源,太阳能作为自然界最非常丰富的洁净能源,而我国全年电磁辐射总量为9172333kWh/m2,是世界上太阳能资源非常丰富的国家之一,因此太阳能是我国可再生能源的选用。Modernindustrialrevolutionbeganthemoderncivilization,butitisbuiltonthebasisoflarge-scaleminingandtheuseoffossilfuels.Oilisthebloodofindustry,coalisthefoodofindustryisthebestinterpretationofthestatusquo.Beforefossilfuelsasnonrenewableenergysources,thelarge-scalemininganduse,hasmadefossilresourceincreasinglydryingup,ithasgraduallycannotmeettheincreasingdemand,theycausealotofdisputesbetweencountries,regionalpoliticalandeconomic,andevenleadtoconflictsandlocalwars.Althoughmineralenergyresourcesreservesaremoreabundantinourcountry,however,percapitaenergyresourcesonlyabouthalfoftheworld'senergyresourcespercapita.Fromthepointofenergyconsumptionstructure,ourcountryistheworld'slargestcoalconsumer,accordingtoestimates,probablyonlyminingofcoalresourcesinourcountryin80,whileoilresourcesonly20years.In1997officiallybecameasignatorytotheKyotoprotocol,inourcountry,butitsinfluenceandconstraints,limitedtoalotofpressure.China'sthermalpower,especiallycoalgreatlylimited.ThenChinaalsoofficiallyjoinedtheWTO,ourcountry'seconomyusheredinanewopportunity,atthesametimethecountryhasformallyenteredthemid-termofindustrialization,thestageofheavyindustry,itsenergydemandandconsumptionalsowillrapidgrowth.Fromtheaspectsofenvironmentalprotection,theuseoffossilfuelshascausedseriousenvironmentalpollution,thegreenhouseeffect,acidrainandotherenvironmentalproblems,especiallythegreenhouseeffectistheenvironmentalproblemsfacedbymankind.Inordertosustainabledevelopmentwemustseeknewrenewablegreenenergy,solarenergyasoneofnature'smostabundantcleanenergy,andtheannualamountofradiationis917-2333-kwh/m2,isoneofthecountryisrichinsolarenergyresourcesintheworld,sosolaristhefirstchoiceforrenewableenergyinChina. 三、太阳能的利用方式Third,theuseofsolarenergy 目前太阳能的利用方式可分成光-热切换、光-电切换、光-化学切换。
其中最成熟期的就是光-热转化成和光-电转化。而光-化学切换尚能正处于研究开发阶段,这种技术还包括半导体电极产生电而电解水产生氧,利用氢氧化钙或重金属氢化物热分解储能形式。太阳能制氢问题解决问题了,才有确实意义上的氢利用,这将是引发时代的变革Atpresenttheuseofsolarenergywaycanbedividedintolight-heatconversion,optical-electricalconversion,opticalandchemicalconversion.Oneofthemostmatureislight-heatconversionandlight-electrictransforming.Andlight-chemicalconversionwasstillinthestageofresearchanddevelopment,thetechnologyincludingthesemiconductorelectrodetoproduceelectricityandoxygengeneratedbytheelectrolysisofwater,usingthethermaldecompositionofcalciumhydroxideorheavymetalhydridestorageform.Solarhydrogenproductionproblemissolved,justhavethetruesenseofhydrogenutilization,itwillbecausechangesofTheTimes四、太阳能在建筑设计中的应用于Four,theapplicationofsolarenergyinarchitecturedesign 目前建筑业是经济发展的最重要产业,也是消耗能源较多的行业。
特别是在是现在住宅某种程度是一个遮风避雨的场所,人们所执着的是创建在自然环境持续人与自然发展基础上的良好的生活环境,即建筑中充分利用绿色能源、尽量的增加建筑的能源消耗,在保护环境的显然前提下尽量的因地制宜,合理利用当地的优势条件发展国宅建筑。太阳能作为绿色洁净能源的用于对建筑行业来说是一种全新的发展思路。目前太阳能在建筑设计中的应用于主要有太阳能发电、太阳能热水器、太阳能空调及太阳能暖气等,至于太阳能发电在建筑中的应用于因其技术容许,造成耗资太高,不过于合适普遍的推展。下面我们将侧重阐述太阳能热水系统。
太阳能热水器是太阳能技术在建筑设计中应用于的最普遍的绿色能源。太阳能热水系统主要是由太阳能集热系统和热水供应系统包含,还包括了太阳集热器、储水箱、循环管道、支架、控制系统、热交换器、水泵设备和福建。其中太阳能集热系统又是太阳能热水系统特有的组成部分,是太阳能否能获得合理利用的关键。那么怎样充分利用太阳能,充分发挥太阳能热水系统的功效呢?Currentconstructionisanimportantindustryofeconomicdevelopment,butalsomoreenergyconsumptionindustry.Especiallynowthatresidenceismorethanjustaplaceofferedshelter,people'spursuitofsustainedharmoniousdevelopmentisbasedonthenaturalenvironmentonthebasisofthesuperiorlivingenvironment,makefulluseofgreenenergyinthebuilding,asfaraspossibletoreducebuildingenergyconsumption,thefundamentalpremiseofprotectingtheenvironmentasmuchaspossible,adjustmeasurestolocalconditions,reasonableutilizationoftheadvantagesoflocaldevelopmentappropriatearchitecture.Theuseofsolarenergyasagreencleanenergyfortheconstructionindustryisakindofbrand-newdevelopmentidea.Currentlysolarenergyapplicationinbuildingdesignmainlyincludesolarpower,solarwaterheater,solarairconditioningandcentralheating,etc.,asforthesolarpowerapplicationinthebuildingbecauseofitstechnicallimitations,leadtocostistoohigh,notsuitableforawiderangeofpromotion.Nowwewillfocusonsolarhotwatersystem.Solarenergywaterheatersolarenergytechnologyinarchitecturaldesignisoneofthemostwidelyusedinthegreenenergy.Solarhotwatersystemismainlycomposedofsolarheatingsystemandhotwatersupplysystem,includingthesolarcollector,storagetank,circulatingpipelines,bracket,controlsystem,heatexchanger,pumpequipmentandfujian.Thesolarheatingsystemandsolarhotwatersystemcharacteristicofthecomponent,isthekeytowhethersolarcangetreasonableuse.Sohowtomakefulluseofsolarenergy,givefullplaytotheeffectofsolarhotwatersystem? 第一,首先我们在思维上要拒绝接受绿色建筑的概念,在建筑设计阶段就要把洁净能源的创新和思维与建筑的设计结合。
First,firstofallwewanttoaccepttheconceptofgreenbuildinginthinking,intheconstructiondesignstagetothecleanenergyideasandthinkingcombinedwitharchitecturaldesign. 第二,前面提及太阳能集热系统是太阳能利用的关键,因此我们在建筑设计中要运用太阳能热水系统的话,我们首先要做到的就是认同权威的质检部门出局的检测报告,在融合数据中的性能参数,再行根据建筑物所在地的太阳能资源与气象条件展开优化设计,保证太阳能集热系统的长年平稳运营。Second,previouslymentionedsolarheatingsystemisthekeytosolar,sowewanttouseofsolarhotwatersysteminthearchitecturaldesign,wefirstneedtodoistorespecttheauthorityofthequalitydepartmentinspectionreport,incombinationwiththedataofperformanceparameter,thenaccordingtothebuildingislocatedtooptimizedesignofsolarenergyresourcesandweatherconditions,ensurethelong-termstableoperationofthesolarsystem. 第三,太阳能热水系统已构成了成熟期的理论系统和实际构照,但很多传统的建筑没给太阳能热水器腾出空间。这不会妨碍太阳能热水器的推展和发展,因此在设计建筑时要充份考虑到太阳能热水器腾出空间。
第四,为确保太阳能热水系统的设计合理,建筑设计单位和太阳能热水系统设计单位都不应联合参予设计。同时太阳能热水器的加装应当要符合建筑功能和建筑防水拒绝,做太阳能热水器和建筑有机融合,与周围环境想要协商。总结:建筑是国民经济的主要支柱,而能源也是国民经济的命脉。
随着常规能源的日益耗尽和因过度研发带给的系列环境问题,我们应当坚决回头可持续发展道路,减缓技术研究,充份研发和利用太阳能。Third,solarhotwatersystemhasbeenformedamaturetheorysystemandtheactualstructure,butalotoftraditionalarchitecturethereisnospacereservedforthesolarwaterheater.Wouldhinderpromotionanddevelopmentofsolarwaterheater,thereforeinthearchitecturaldesignshouldfullyconsiderthesolarenergywaterheaterwhenthereservedspace.Fourth,inordertoensurethesolarhotwatersystemdesignisreasonable,thearchitecturaldesignunitandsolarwaterheatingsystemdesignshouldbejointlyparticipateinthedesign.Atthesametime,thesolarwaterheaterinstalledshouldmeettherequirementsofarchitecturalfunctionandprotection,achieveorganiccombinationofsolarwaterheaterandarchitecture,withthesurroundingenvironmenttocoordinate.Conclusion:architectureisthemainpillarofthenationaleconomy,andenergyisthelifebloodofthenationaleconomy.Asconventionalenergydepletionandbecauseoftheexcessivedevelopmentbringsaseriesofenvironmentalproblems,weshouldadheretotheroadofsustainabledevelopment,acceleratingtechnologicalresearch,fulldevelopmentandutilizationofsolarenergy..。
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